Over Half a Million in Croatia Live with Diabetes, Many Undiagnosed

On World Diabetes Day, observed 14 November, health experts in Croatia warn that more than half a million people live with diabetes, many without knowing it. According to the National Diabetes Registry, 404,996 people had a registered diagnosis in 2025, but the actual number is estimated to be over 500,000.

Data from the Croatian Institute of Public Health show that 28.5 per cent of people aged 20 to 79 have diabetes but no diagnosis. Diabetes was the fourth leading cause of death in Croatia in 2024, accounting for 7.9 per cent of deaths.

Katica Letinić Kravaršćan, an endocrinologist and diabetologist at Dubrava University Hospital, told local media that the main causes of the rising trend are hereditary factors, reduced physical activity and high-calorie diets.

She listed increased thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, frequent urination and unexplained weight loss as possible warning signs. Because type 2 diabetes can progress without clear symptoms, regular blood sugar checks are recommended, especially for people over 45, those who are overweight, or those with a family history of the disease.

Long-term high blood sugar raises the risk of nerve, kidney and eye damage, as well as heart attack, stroke and peripheral artery disease. Diabetic foot is a leading cause of lower limb amputations. Acute complications such as hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state can be life-threatening and require hospital treatment.

Good glucose control, blood pressure and cholesterol management, not smoking, and regular physical activity help prevent complications. Modern technology, including continuous glucose monitors, telemedicine services for island residents and mobile pharmacies with vehicles and boats, is improving access to diabetes care.